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飼糧中添加低聚木糖可調節蛋雞營(yíng)養物質(zhì)消化率、腸道形態(tài)和腸道微生物群
發(fā)布時(shí)間 : 2021.09.15
腸道菌群 回腸形態(tài) 蛋雞 營(yíng)養物質(zhì)消化率 低聚木糖


       動(dòng)物的腸道微生物群在自身機體的營(yíng)養吸收、免疫系統發(fā)育以及減少病原菌感染等方面發(fā)揮著(zhù)重要作用,機體通過(guò)腸道微生物調節微生態(tài),從而達到促進(jìn)生長(cháng)、維持健康的結果[1]。大量研究表明,養殖雞的腸道微生態(tài)與雞的整體性能和腸道健康有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)性[2-7],這會(huì )影響到最終的養殖效益。


       為了改善消化道微生態(tài)和提高動(dòng)物的生產(chǎn)力,養殖業(yè)廣泛應用抗生素控制養殖動(dòng)物狀態(tài),但是由于抗生素濫用帶來(lái)的種種弊端,我國農業(yè)部提出并推行了減抗、禁抗政策,于是養殖業(yè)尋求新的腸道功能調節產(chǎn)品用于替代抗生素。


       低聚木糖,又稱(chēng)木寡糖,是2~7個(gè)D-木糖以β-1,4糖苷鍵連接成主鏈的碳水化合物,可通過(guò)激活腸道微生態(tài),改善動(dòng)物腸道功能,提升動(dòng)物性能,并且具有無(wú)殘留、無(wú)污染、不產(chǎn)生抗藥性等特點(diǎn),是優(yōu)良的抗生素替代品。


       一些研究表明,在飼糧中添加低聚木糖可能通過(guò)提高營(yíng)養物質(zhì)的消化率來(lái)提高肉雞的飼料效率[8-9],并通過(guò)刺激特定細菌對腸道免疫系統產(chǎn)生影響[10-11]。


       Jianmin 等人[12]選取288只50周齡的海蘭褐蛋雞,分為3個(gè)處理組(每組8個(gè)重復,每個(gè)重復12只雞),分別在飼糧中添加0、200、400 mg/kg 的低聚木糖(純度95%),試驗為期12周。試驗結果表明: 


(1)生產(chǎn)性能
       Table1 和 Table2 所示,與對照組相比,添加200和400 mg/kg 低聚木糖飼糧的蛋雞料蛋比(FCR)顯著(zhù)降低(P <0.05);在第12周時(shí), 低聚木糖添加組的蛋黃顏色值增加(P <0.05)。




(2)消化性能

      Table3 所示,與對照組相比, 低聚木糖添加組蛋雞總能(GE)的表觀(guān)總腸道消化率系數(ATTD)顯著(zhù)增加(P<0.05);飼糧中添加200和400 mg/kg 低聚木糖分別使蛋雞氮(N)的表觀(guān)總腸道消化率系數(ATTD)提高了24.0%和23.7% (P<0.05)。 


(3)腸道結構形態(tài)

       Table4所示,與對照組相比,飼糧中添加200和400 mg/kg 低聚木糖蛋雞回腸絨毛高度與隱窩深度之比(VH/CD)更高(P<0.05),改善了蛋雞的腸道結構,有利于蛋雞的總消化性能和腸道免疫屏障功能。 




(4)腸道微生態(tài)


       飼糧中添加200 mg/kg 低聚木糖改變了盲腸菌群。α多樣性分析表明,以200 mg/kg的劑量喂養低聚木糖的雞,其盲腸細菌的豐富程度更高。進(jìn)行低聚木糖添加調節后,雞盲腸微生物群組成中的厚壁菌門(mén)豐度增加,而擬桿菌門(mén)的豐度降低。在屬水平上,飼糧中低聚木糖的補充導致擬桿菌和彎曲桿菌減少,同時(shí)乳酸桿菌和幾種短鏈脂肪酸生產(chǎn)者增加。

       低聚木糖不會(huì )被單胃動(dòng)物的消化酶分解,可直接進(jìn)入雞的腸道,促進(jìn)有益菌的增殖,抑制有害菌的增長(cháng),產(chǎn)生抗菌物質(zhì)和短鏈脂肪酸,形成微生物屏障,激活動(dòng)物腸道微生態(tài),改善動(dòng)物的腸道功能,通過(guò)調節營(yíng)養物質(zhì)消化率和回腸形態(tài)來(lái)改善料蛋比,從而促進(jìn)營(yíng)養物質(zhì)的吸收利用、調節動(dòng)物機體免疫系統,提高動(dòng)物性能,提高養殖效益。

參考文獻:
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